The powerlines were not marked with high visibility devices, nor were they required to be so marked by the relevant Australian Standard. This reduced the likelihood of a pilot detecting the position of the wires.
For approaches other than the one taken by this motor vehicle driver, this level crossing did not meet the requirements of Australian Standard AS1742.7-2007, Manual of uniform traffic control devices, Part 7: Railway crossings.
A review of the signage requirements for compliance with Australian Standard AS1742.7-2007, Manual of uniform traffic control devices, Part 7: Railway crossings indicated that the Stop Sign Ahead (W3-1) was missing on the northern side of the Brown Street level crossing.
The Ayers Corporation S2R-G10 Thrush aircraft type had a published maximum take-off weight that was not practical for agricultural use, increasing the risk that pilots would operate the aircraft above the published maximum weight and potentially at unsafe weights.
Loss of separation (LOS) incidents attributable to pilot actions in civil airspace are not monitored as a measure of airspace safety nor actively investigated for insight into possible improvements to air traffic service provision. As about half of all LOS incidents are from pilot actions, not all available information is being fully used to assure the safety of civilian airspace.
The air traffic services provider’s fatigue risk management system (FRMS) did not effectively manage the fatigue risk associated with allocating additional duty periods.
Although the air traffic services provider has been working on the issue for several years, there was still no automated air traffic conflict detection system available for conflictions involving aircraft that were not subject to radar or ADS-B surveillance services.
Regulatory oversight processes for military air traffic services do not provide independent assessment and assurance as to the safety of civilian aircraft operations.
There was a disproportionate rate of loss of separation incidents which leads to a higher risk of collision in military terminal area airspace in general and all airspace around Darwin and Williamtown in particular. Furthermore, loss of separation incidents in military airspace more commonly involved contributing air traffic controller actions relative to equivalent civil airspace occurrences.
The air traffic controller provider’s processes for monitoring and managing controller workloads did not ensure that newly-endorsed controllers had sufficient skills and techniques to manage the high workload situations to which they were exposed.
Although the air traffic services provider has been working on the issue for several years, there was still no automated air traffic conflict detection system available for conflictions involving aircraft that were not subject to radar or ADS-B surveillance services.
The air traffic services provider had limited formal guidance to controllers and pilots regarding the conditions in which it was safe and appropriate to use block levels.
The air traffic services provider had limited formal guidance regarding how to determine appropriate consolidation periods for en route controllers on one sector before they were transitioned to commence training on another sector.
The air traffic services provider’s processes for monitoring and managing controller workloads did not ensure that newly-endorsed controllers had sufficient skills and techniques to manage the high workload situations to which they were exposed.
TasRail had not instigated proactive action to manage the elevated risks associated with ongoing track stability issues at, or near, the derailment site in accordance with their maintenance procedures.
Track inspections were not consistently conducted at intervals of not more than 96 hours, in accordance with TasRail’s standard.
The twist defect was not detected by TasRail’s inspection/monitoring systems, increasing the risk of derailment.
The ARTC had not instigated proactive action to manage the increased risk of a buckling event in accordance with their procedure ETM-06-06 (Managing Track Stability – Concrete Sleepered Track) at section 1.11.5 - ‘Special Locations’.
Limited guidance was provided by the operator and Air Ambulance Victoria for to crews on the selection of the most appropriate winch rescue equipment given operational and medical considerations, and the conditions when various types of equipment should be considered.
The threshold limits for the engine trend monitoring program were not set at a level that provided sufficient opportunity for inspection of the engine before failure could occur from the effects of HPT stage-2 nozzle degradation.
