1. REPORTING OF OCCURRENCES
1.1 Regulation 2.5 of the Transport Safety Investigation Regulations 2003 (TSI Regulations) contains a list of responsible persons for reporting aviation occurrences (Immediately and Routine reportable matters listed below) to the ATSB.
1.2 Responsible persons are:
a. a crew member of the aircraft concerned;
b. the owner or operator of the aircraft;
c. a person performing an air traffic control service in relation to the aircraft;
d. a person performing a dedicated aerodrome rescue or fire fighting service in relation to the aircraft;
e. a person who:
(i) is licensed as an aircraft maintenance engineer under the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 or the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998, and
(ii) does any work in relation to the aircraft;
f. a member of the ground handling crew in relation to the aircraft;
g. a member of the staff of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority; and
h. the operator of an aerodrome.
1.3 A responsible person is excused from the legal requirement to report if they have reasonable grounds to believe another responsible person has reported the occurrence.
1.4 The occurrences a responsible person is required to report are listed as either Immediately Reportable Matters (IRM) or Routine Reportable Matters (RRM) in the TSI Regulations. IRM must be reported as soon as reasonably practicable by telephone (ss.18(1) TSI Act) on 1800 011 034, and then a follow up written report must be made within 72 hours (ss.19(1) TSI Act). RRM require only a written report within 72 hours (ss.19(1) TSI Act).
1.5 Listed below are the IRM and RRM that must be reported by all aircraft operations, those involved in air transport operations, and those involved in aircraft operations other than air transport operations.
Note: An air transport operation is a regular public transport operation or a charter operation. The TSI Regulations contain a more comprehensive definition for the term as well as definitions for other terms used in the list of reportable matters below. Refer to the ATSB website (TSI ACT) for a complete copy of the TSI Act, TSI Regulations and explanatory material.
2. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS
2.1 Immediately Reportable Matters
2.1.1 IRM for all aircraft operations are:
a. subject to the exclusions in the note below, the death of, or a serious injury to:
(i) a person on board the aircraft or in contact with the aircraft, or anything attached to the aircraft, or anything that has become detached from the aircraft; or
(ii) a person who has been directly exposed to jet blast;
Note: The death of, or a serious injury to, a person does not include:
a. death or serious injury resulting from natural causes (except to a flight crew member); or
b. death or serious injury that is intentionally self-inflicted; or
c. death or serious injury that is intentionally caused by another person; or
d. death or serious injury suffered by a stowaway in a part of the aircraft that is not usually accessible to crewmembers or passengers after take-off; or
e. death occurring more than 30 days after the occurrence that caused the death, unless the death was caused by an injury that required admission to hospital within 30 days after the occurrence.
b. the aircraft being missing;
c. the aircraft suffering serious damage, or the existence of reasonable grounds for believing that the aircraft has suffered serious damage;
d. the aircraft being inaccessible and the existence of reasonable grounds for believing that the aircraft has been seriously damaged;
e. breakdown of separation standards, being a failure to maintain a recognised separation standard (vertical, lateral or longitudinal) between aircraft that are being provided with an air traffic service separation service.
Note: This may result from air traffic service, pilot or other actions, and may occur even if only one (1) of the aircraft involved is under control of an air traffic service.
3. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATIONS
3.1 Immediately Reportable Matters
3.1.1 IRM for all air transport operations include:
a. airprox;
b. violation of controlled airspace;
c. a near-collision involving aircraft manoeuvring on the ground;
d. an occurrence in which flight into terrain is narrowly avoided;
e. the rejection of a take-off from a closed or occupied runway;
f. a take-off from a closed or occupied runway with marginal separation from an obstacle or obstacles;
g. a landing on a closed or occupied runway;
h. a significant failure to achieve predicted performance during take-off or initial climb;
i. a fire (even if subsequently extinguished), smoke, fumes or an explosion on, or in, any part of the aircraft;
j. an uncontained engine failure;
k. a mechanical failure resulting in the shutdown of an engine;
l. the use of any procedure for overcoming an emergency;
m. an event requiring the use of oxygen by a flight crewmember;
n. malfunction of an aircraft system that seriously affects the operation of the aircraft;
o. a flight crew member becoming incapacitated during flight;
p. fuel exhaustion;
q. the aircrafts supply of useable fuel becoming so low (whether or not as a result of fuel starvation) that the pilot declares an emergency in flight;
r. undershooting, over-running or running off the side of a runway during take-off or landing, or any other similar occurrence;
s. any of the following occurrences, if the occurrence causes difficulty controlling the aircraft:
(i) a weather phenomenon; or
(ii) operation outside the aircrafts approved envelope;
t. the failure of two (2) or more related redundant systems for flight guidance and navigation; and
u. serious damage to, or destruction of, any property outside the aircraft caused by contact with the aircraft or anything that has become detached from the aircraft.
3.2 Routine Reportable Matters
3.2.1 RRM for all air transport operations include:
a. an injury, other than a serious injury, to:
(i) a person on board the aircraft or in contact with the aircraft or anything attached to the aircraft or anything that has become detached from the aircraft; or
(ii) a person who has been directly exposed to jet blast;
b. the aircraft suffering damage that compromises, or has the potential to compromise, the safety of the flight, but is not serious damage;
c. flight below the minimum altitude, except in accordance with a normal arrival or departure procedure;
d. a ground proximity warning system alert;
e. a critical rejected take-off, except on a closed or occupied runway;
f. a runway incursion;
g. any of the following occurrences, if the occurrence compromises, or has the potential to compromise, the safety of the flight:
(i) a failure to achieve predicted performance during take-off or initial climb;
(ii) malfunction of an aircraft system, if the malfunction does not seriously affect the operation of the aircraft;
Note: Aircraft systems include flight guidance and navigation systems.
(iii) fuel starvation that does not require the declaration of an emergency;
h. any of the following occurrences, if the occurrence compromises or has the potential to compromise the safety of the flight, but does not cause difficulty controlling the aircraft:
(i) a weather phenomenon;
(ii) operation outside the aircrafts approved flight envelope;
i. failure or inadequacy of a facility used in connection with the air transport operation, such as:
(i) a navigation or communication aid; or
(ii) an air traffic control service or general operational service; or
(iii) an airfield facility, including lighting or a manoeuvring, taxiing or take-off surface;
j. misinterpretation by a flight crewmember of information or instructions, including:
(i) the incorrect setting of a transponder code; or
(ii) flight on a level or route different to the level or route allocated for the flight; or
(iii) the incorrect receipt or interpretation of a significant radio, telephone or electronic text message;
k. breakdown of coordination, being an occurrence in which traffic related information flow within the air traffic service system is late, incorrect, incomplete or absent;
l. failure of air traffic services to provide adequate traffic information to a pilot in relation to other aircraft;
Note: The information may have been incomplete, incorrect,
late or absent.
m. a traffic collision avoidance system resolution advisory being given to the pilot of the aircraft;
n. an occurrence arising from the loading or carriage of passengers, cargo or fuel, such as:
(i) the loading of an incorrect quantity of fuel, if the loading of the incorrect quantity is likely to have a significant effect on aircraft endurance, performance, balance or structural integrity; or
(ii) the loading of an incorrect type of fuel or other essential fluid, or contaminated fuel or other essential fluid; or
(iii) the incorrect loading of passengers, baggage or cargo, if the incorrect loading has a significant effect on the mass or balance of the aircraft; or
(iv) the carriage of dangerous goods in contravention of Commonwealth, State or Territory legislation; or
(v) the incorrect securing of cargo containers or significant items of cargo; or
(vi) the incorrect stowage of baggage or cargo, if the incorrect stowage is likely to cause a hazard to the aircraft or its equipment or occupants, or to impede emergency evacuation; or
(vii) a significant contamination of the aircraft structure, systems or equipment, arising from the carriage of baggage or cargo; or
(viii) the presence of a violent or armed passenger;
o. a collision with an animal, including a bird.
4. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS OTHER THAN AIR TRANSPORT OPERATIONS
4.1 Routine Reportable Matters
4.1.1 RRM for all aircraft other than air transport operations include:
a. an injury, other than a serious injury, to a person on board the aircraft;
b. a flight crewmember becoming incapacitated while operating the aircraft;
c. airprox;
d. an occurrence in which flight into terrain is narrowly avoided;
e. the use of any procedure for overcoming an emergency;
f. an occurrence that results in difficulty controlling the aircraft, including any of the following occurrences:
(i) an aircraft system failure;
(ii) a weather phenomenon;
(iii) operation outside the aircrafts approved flight envelope;
g. fuel exhaustion;
h. the aircrafts supply of useable fuel becoming so low (whether or not as a result of fuel starvation) that the safety of the aircraft is compromised;
i. a collision with an animal, including a bird, on a licensed aerodrome.
5. WRITTEN REPORT
5.1 The written report required to be submitted under Section 19 of the Act should preferably use the Air Safety Accident or Incident Report (ASAIR) format. For a reportable matter other than for a collision with an animal or bird, a requirement of regulation 2.6 of the TSI Regulations is that the report should contain as much of the following information as is within the persons knowledge:
a. the name and contact details of the person making the report;
b. the persons role in relation to the aircraft concerned;
c. the type, model, nationality, registration marks and flight number (if any) of the aircraft;
d. the name of the owner of the aircraft;
e. the name and contact details of the operator of the aircraft;
f. if the aircraft was under hire when the reportable matter occurred, the name of the hirer;
g. the name and nationality of the pilot, and the type and licence number of the licence held by the pilot;
h. the name and nationality of each other flight crew member (if any), and the type and licence number of the licence held by each member;
i. the day and local time when the reportable matter occurred;
j. if, when the reportable matter occurred, the aircraft was in-flight:
(i) the place where the flight started; and
(ii) the place where the flight ended, or was intended to end; and
(iii) the purpose of the flight;
k. unless the reportable matter occurred at an airport, the location of the aircraft immediately after the occurrence of the reportable matter, including the geographical coordinates of that location;
l. the number of persons on board the aircraft when the reportable matter occurred;
m. the nature of the reportable matter, including:
(i) its outcome or effect on the flight of the aircraft;
(ii) the phase of the aircrafts flight when the matter occurred;
(iii) the weather conditions;
(iv) the airspace designation;
(v) the altitude at which the matter occurred;
(vi) if the matter occurred at, or in relation to, an airport, the name of the airport, and, if it occurred on, or in relation to, a runway, the runway number;
(vii) if the matter involved a collision with an animal, including a bird, the nature of the collision;
(viii) the causes of the occurrence (if known), including any human performance issues;
(ix) any safety action carried out to prevent a recurrence of the matter; and
(x) the nature and extent of any damage to the aircraft;
n. the physical characteristics of the area where the reportable matter occurred (eg, the terrain, vegetation cover, and existence and location of any buildings, runways or aerodromes);
o. the flight rules under which the aircraft was operating at the time of the reportable matter;
p. the type of aircraft operation the aircraft was engaged in at the time of the reportable matter;
q. if the matter resulted in a fatality or serious injury, and the aircraft carried an emergency locator transmitter:
(i) the manufacturer and model of the emergency locator transmitter;
(ii) whether it was fixed or portable;
(iii) its location in the aircraft; and
(iv) whether it was activated;
r. if the aircrafts pilot has died:
(i) the pilots date of birth; and
(ii) the pilots total flying hours on all aircraft and flying hours on the same type of aircraft;
s. if any crew members have died or been seriously injured as a result of the reportable matter, how many, and their names and nationalities;
t. if any passengers have died or been seriously injured as a result of the reportable matter, how many, and their names and nationalities; and
u. if any other persons have died or been seriously injured as a result of the reportable matter, how many, and their names and nationalities.
5.2 For a reportable matter that amounts to a collision with an animal or bird only the report must contain as much of the following information as is within the knowledge of the person making the report:
a. the name and contact details of the person making the report;
b. the day and local time when the reportable matter occurred;
c. the nature of the reportable matter, including:
(i) if the matter occurred at, or in relation to, an airport, the name of the airport, and if it occurred on, or in relation to, a runway, the runway number; and
(ii) the nature and extent of any damage to the aircraft; and
d. any other information that the person making the report considers appropriate.
5.3 The completed Air Safety Accident or Incident Report (ASAIR), should be forwarded directly by mail, facsimile, or the online form to the ATSB central office in Canberra.
5.4 An ASAIR form may be obtained online from Aviation Safety Accident or Incident Reporting or by contacting the ATSB on freecall phone number 1800 011 034 (primary notification number) or 1800 020 616 (safety information number and secondary notification number).
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